Vpr Is a VIP: HIV Vpr and Infected Macrophages Promote Viral Pathogenesis
نویسندگان
چکیده
منابع مشابه
HIV Vpr: Roles in Viral Replication and Cellular Metabolism
The auxiliary/non-structural proteins of HIVcan be categorized into 2 groups, essential (Tat and Rev) and accessory (Vpr, Vpx, Vif, Vpu, and Nef). HIV replicates competently in vitro in T-cell lines without the need for accessory gene functions (Subbramanian and Cohen, 1994). However, in primary lymphocytes and macrophages, accessory gene products such as Vpr and Vpx contribute to the efficient...
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During infection of host cells by HIV-1, active host-pathogen interactions take place. The final balance between these interactions determines the efficiency of viral infection and subsequent disease progression. HIV-infected cells respond to viral invasion with various antiviral strategies such as innate, cellular and humoral immune antiviral defense mechanisms. On the other hand, the virus ha...
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Like other HIV-1 auxiliary proteins, Vpr is conserved within all the human (HIV-1, HIV-2) and simian (SIV) immunodeficiency viruses. However, Vpr and homologous HIV-2, and SIV Vpx are the only viral auxiliary proteins specifically incorporated into virus particles through direct interaction with the Gag precursor, indicating that this presence in the core of the mature virions is mainly require...
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HIV-1 viral protein R (Vpr) shuttles between the nucleus and the cytoplasm and is believed to contribute to the process of nuclear translocation of the viral preintegration complex, thus facilitating HIV-1 replication in macrophages. In this report, we demonstrate that Hsp70, a heat-shock protein contributing to cellular stress responses, inhibits nuclear translocation of HIV-1 Vpr. In macropha...
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The human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) viral protein R (Vpr) is an accessory protein that has been shown to have multiple roles in HIV-1 pathogenesis. By screening chemical libraries in the RIKEN Natural Products Depository, we identified a 3-phenyl coumarin-based compound that inhibited the cell cycle arrest activity of Vpr in yeast and Vpr-dependent viral infection of human macrophages. W...
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ژورنال
عنوان ژورنال: Viruses
سال: 2020
ISSN: 1999-4915
DOI: 10.3390/v12080809